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楼主
发表于 2006-9-14 00:40
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说明：本资料仅提供参考。 5 y" R$ P# e; C+ T8 q$ t) J
材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer
# y# @: L* H4 I0 g& z部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,
- H+ o# ~3 l+ H1 s: h& S( Z电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,
! f9 e9 r7 Z; @* j4 Q热导率thermal conductivity, 6 b, F- }1 B; V& C7 m7 `/ |
应力和应变stress and strain,. j' d4 A0 B- P
弹性应变elastic strain,
3 L) O I; Q) c0 M2 \: a( C# h" a/ Y塑性应变plastic strain, 4 e/ A. j6 | h; T; X& v1 A
屈服强度yield strength, $ k$ S; l5 }* K; ]" g( C% ]
最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength, ; E+ L5 L% M( v" A; K
最大强度ultimate strength, r2 a* }2 }/ h G" P
延展性ductility,
7 b/ ^" G% U( Y' O* t& t/ ]伸长率elongation, , O' ^& }2 L |- o
断面收缩率reduction of area, & U r$ m" f6 ~* M) @3 ]; D' q& S k
颈缩necking,
6 a( H6 H/ }! H3 ?3 V5 ~& |$ d断裂强度breaking strength,
! z# \( k6 e% ]2 [$ f. C韧性toughness,
' r) F. I H6 ^5 I `0 ]2 g8 |硬度hardness,
6 `/ [% F7 M% P2 N# Q0 d) B* q疲劳强度fatigue strength,
! I+ U$ `! m4 T7 N蜂窝honeycomb, + E8 i$ `) b" n' Y: \
热脆性heat shortness,0 a) `8 ]3 K0 w' G6 ?
晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,
* P8 Q, P7 M w; D点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,
5 t' r: Z' G0 x% U3 A, j5 Q点阵参数lattice parameter,! v# x% m( k- L! Q8 f' V
密排六方hexagonal close-packed,
+ w- y) T8 k) b- {六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,9 N2 g% r6 b! Q G& a
体心立方body-centered cubic, 7 {: v2 u3 R; D7 R* I) `
面心立方face-centered cubic,
5 \, [' u# P6 f- T) T3 F弥勒指数Miller indices, 2 o- l- o5 _3 l2 y7 k( c
晶面crystal plane, ) S0 l$ A: }( T$ l' v( j
晶系crystal system, , r/ O: q) Y9 I' {7 O8 r
晶向crystal direction,! A7 i( d# H& S) w
相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 3 a& p1 [4 A8 g V9 R
成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,
+ l. v5 ~5 F9 Y+ K8 {6 M斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition, " |8 n/ [! y6 K9 E5 B8 m' U
有序无序转变disordered-order transition, y1 T, ` }/ k7 V0 N) l
马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，$ }6 W5 ]4 O9 E8 n7 o
成核nucleation, . Q y. _3 G0 c% s
成核机理nucleation mechanism,
5 V% F8 p" m& H4 i成核势垒nucleation barrier, * I9 ~8 E' ~; ]/ n% L( T0 G% R
晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,
, S* P! A& a! H& f& y6 o（金属组织的）基体quay,
& G' R" i0 O7 Z% ^ S: e0 B& F, m基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,
- X: J0 R' a2 [! J: m* V子晶，雏晶matted crystal,
2 B# ?! M3 r6 \& H7 E耔晶，晶种seed crystal, 7 o$ e. o- }) y& {
耔晶取向seed orientation,
( ^0 q- `& @* b3 u3 h, e# @0 y籽晶生长seeded growth,
$ D- J% R4 |1 h1 Q' w. N均质核化homogeneous nucleation,
& \8 t) w! r' e9 P/ Z9 j! T1 V异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,
1 g, d0 S2 n2 m" ^9 W3 j: u均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment,
/ Q. X' g z5 |, N, ]) ?% ]熟料grog,
. f/ L) @9 T7 V- p& C5 x: `自恰场self-consistent field
( Q; _4 F+ r$ G! U7 n9 {固溶体Solid solution:
2 ]( U0 r$ H- a# y# X7 R( E3 E有序固溶体ordered solid solution,
8 u' m3 m, U: }无序固溶体disordered solid solution,
4 i7 d* u# F3 N+ g有序合金ordered alloy, % O+ j$ G1 V4 K
无序合金disordered alloy.
. k' `% u4 G# b4 f! z无序点阵disordered lattice,
% ?+ v2 |1 G! i' o分散，扩散，弥散dispersal, : j' P! v" {- r7 |0 r$ Z
分散剂dispersant, ( e" A3 i# O/ w! ?( ^; J1 z
分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive,
6 T0 t: ]9 b2 g1 B P6 Y分散剂， 弥散剂dispersant agent: w9 Y' K) M' N
缺陷defect, imperfection,
, Y3 w8 o# l9 m* ~7 g& A$ \点缺陷point defect,
8 M' j! |, b& m* W( q% f, J7 N线缺陷 line defect, dislocation, ' X) h ]# D% y& v6 ~
面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,
/ T8 R% S- h# \7 _6 U+ a体缺陷volume defect, ( ]8 z5 B# K8 g8 ^5 P" v3 ]
位错排列dislocation arrangement,
" q$ K2 ?" l5 ]3 G位错阵列dislocation array,
5 l/ B' c) D* a) z# S/ Q' G7 ]8 y位错气团dislocation atmosphere, & N/ [7 L7 v4 Q6 o: l# A/ z' ?3 g
位错轴dislocation axis,
$ f1 q4 \5 e) `+ x. }, ]" x位错胞dislocation cell,
" K! K f' W9 ^' \' w# S* B' _7 {" m位错爬移dislocation climb,
$ \1 O: f0 S$ f- B9 S5 h1 ~$ W3 M& k位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,
( n5 Z d! ~3 g位错聚结dislocation coalescence,
7 U$ T' A/ m; Y位错核心能量dislocation core energy, $ k, B2 C/ @. I
位错裂纹dislocation crack, " }; [- ^: ^9 z
位错阻尼dislocation damping,
0 _! P' B5 J& Z1 q1 [位错密度dislocation density,
* ]2 G3 U$ G; i% h X8 c体积膨胀volume dilation,
$ _ ?5 i1 V8 L2 S ~体积收缩volume shrinkage,
! A' a4 m7 r" R; v4 O. q回火tempering, ' t3 M. K& W1 U! Q( Q& q$ M4 G
退火annealing, 7 e; H3 p: q, s" y1 W
退火的，软化的softened, 2 j' y- S% S' T$ z
软化退火，软化（处理）softening,
+ E `% j% \/ h淬火quenching, K4 ]6 e; Z e) r
淬火硬化quenching hardening,
- Y3 Z% a/ t. g- P, U正火normalizing, normalization,
# a# L" ^) ]% u# F3 E0 _' @3 m: X退火织构annealing texture,
: F$ {( r4 p% V+ H; H人工时效artificial aging,0 B2 c0 n1 ?7 T/ [' S. X2 p
细长比aspect ratio,
& L+ c, f' K9 a, V* E形变热处理ausforming, 8 H4 W B r; p, I" w
等温退火austempering, 8 H. ?1 M. h: U. ^' b) `& N
奥氏体austenite, # o0 }/ z* F" `' ]2 w
奥氏体化austenitizing,
2 z7 V2 _6 @9 S1 F贝氏体bainite, " c2 w$ f# t" u8 T
马氏体martensite, ; m% U+ F6 @- }/ m( t7 D1 j- w& G
马氏体淬火marquench,
, ?* a5 b: F' w# Q$ G马氏体退火martemper,
. Y6 Y3 _+ ~! r马氏体时效钢maraging steel,
: V. Y4 O5 E4 n渗碳体cementite, 8 U7 a! h' X+ Z s0 C
固溶强化solid solution strengthening,
8 c, K4 \5 ~1 n钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete,
9 A/ g% I% X5 r$ i水玻璃，硅酸钠sodium silicate,
; `7 L# |! _+ X( ?6 d2 w, C水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder,
% o8 x' b; }9 V硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicate waterproofing agent,
8 j3 Q' O6 W# o扩散diffusion,
n8 }( t$ O( k0 G! [! t扩散系数diffusivity,
! \! I8 V" ?' ]% [. A" R S' Y相变phase transition, * J2 K3 d; i5 Y5 Q8 ` k
烧结sintering,
+ i0 y$ ^- r9 _# W/ q固相反应solid-phase reaction,9 u5 z, m2 i) c7 e6 V& I
相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures ,
3 R3 P% U5 `; f+ @ O相phase, 4 e9 v8 j- ^0 F: n) L
组分component, * K$ Y& {, w9 i5 I1 q) U
自由度freedom,
/ R' m b9 o6 O3 v G' c0 w! ?相平衡phase equilibrium,
: A, B: }6 z8 a y& _. Y* u- c, T. z吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule, ( ^. j1 w0 Y- t8 G
吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,
! @# P8 V+ m( c* i+ h& s吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing,
# k2 k2 D" R2 r, u0 Y) [! l吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy, " v6 f/ s6 Z( L, g
吉布斯函数Gibbs function,
) S6 s; S: l6 [. B; f$ W相平衡phase balance, % r T2 S) X. l, j# k
相界phase boundary, : _9 T+ s% p) x( P
相界线 phase boundary line, ! h# L5 t' @" Q6 C0 c
相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking,
B# C3 U- t) t; S% }+ E5 c相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking,
" S3 G2 \; p6 _: @相界反应phase boundary reaction, 7 r# q0 ]+ y' l w2 }
相变phase change,
5 Y" q; b- ^ Y! r, S7 y5 t' J) h相组成phase composition,
. H& H1 Y' ]; Y6 H/ Q% ~8 g共格相 phase-coherent, 1 n4 c% M7 a! d& h% a* I1 L
金相相组织 phase constentuent,
5 r) H% b: X- v$ z相衬phase contrast, . _8 k8 Q, ?& q) i/ F; R
相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope,: i1 T U% c# {" |( \" ~2 T6 c
相衬显微术phase contrast microscopy,
, J; s7 k. i- x+ v/ ?相分布phase distribution,
- w7 r1 @! [, G, o- ]2 w: y相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant,
@: q+ I, [ L0 _+ P相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram, / A# [0 n$ h0 [3 b+ A
相变滞后phase transition lag, Al-Si-O-N 1 P8 i" z/ R, e( G- L6 e. V# O. ]
系统相关系phase relationships in the Al-Si-O-N system, # X3 x. D# I1 _1 W3 \- T
相分离phase segregation, phase separation,
; X- G( R1 i5 H; k' u) ~6 k玻璃分相phase separation in glasses,
. [3 W; S7 |4 N7 G; Q( w相序phase order, phase sequence, 4 r& x/ z! x `+ P$ a2 u* v) n2 z
相稳定性phase stability, 8 \! Z- n4 O4 W% F1 j/ h4 r
相态phase state,
# B5 z" e" ]) L" W5 ~2 e相稳定区phase stabile range, * Z- K! q( e% ~; ~ u( |3 U
相变温度phase transition temperature,
1 ~: A8 Z b. B: f相变压力phase transition pressure, 5 h: j- Q% i3 n8 Z2 K
同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation,
) C: H" j4 k) l% t& c" s相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions,
% x4 l9 U5 e" o/ ]" |显微结构microstructures,
0 Y4 m1 |. g- s- P- H不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution,
9 I" }5 R$ T7 }' F2 }: `. V转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution,
' p6 t4 _1 b9 t4 D5 z低共熔体eutectoid，crystallization,
1 U, y3 a& a! i6 k, y$ s不混溶性immiscibility, & ]9 `7 Q5 @. Z* j/ ~
固态反应solid state reaction,
8 s) M c6 \+ d) p烧结sintering, / K: v# w/ \& P$ P' m! x+ ]+ k0 u
相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:
+ ^9 l- I6 g9 [, h& J成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,
/ D) {' b1 F3 Y2 D l% G( t* L斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition, / A5 e4 h7 V4 k# b5 ~* y1 {( V
有序无序转变disordered-order transition,
% |% A3 W+ Y+ n3 A& V2 V5 O' f马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，: O# m& [3 a1 q Z0 N$ w
成核nucleation, 6 b7 _, C5 w* v) j2 Y2 H4 n$ o/ c4 K
成核机理nucleation mechanism,
C0 Z X# v- f9 v1 {0 ]成核势垒nucleation barrier,
O7 x; E' A- V, @" q7 M晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,
6 K& ^, ?" j, e4 w! c（金属组织的）基体quay,
$ f R0 K$ }: F( x4 h- L基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,
8 C7 Q& b# h l; M; q2 T子晶，雏晶matted crystal,
( l( T8 Y. [5 [* n1 x4 S耔晶，晶种seed crystal,
7 p. [( v' h. c4 X( h s0 `耔晶取向seed orientation,
9 N3 M3 _* l7 ^4 }9 g( k* {籽晶生长seeded growth, & [! Z' }$ n7 A7 n6 g( G
均质核化homogeneous nucleation,
) z/ h% }( P; [2 U$ U6 o% U0 D- s异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,
C& c$ D9 e& G5 v& I2 h( I均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment, / ]5 u7 r9 X! \8 I7 u* K5 f
熟料grog, |
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发表于 2007-3-28 00:19
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