[分享] 材料科学基础常用英语词汇 英语, 材料科学, 词汇, strain, conductivity

sxyqyh

说明：本资料仅提供参考。
/ u+ c& A6 t$ M/ |% W/ w材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer
" O/ n9 h2 u4 v& P4 `部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,
2 m  a9 _  V3 I: Q% t! l2 Z, P3 }  N1 `电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,2 z: v9 G/ V( Z; D: w
热导率thermal conductivity, & \# `; a1 R+ n$ o4 k# z' w
应力和应变stress and strain,5 B  w& |' J: C2 W: D- G
弹性应变elastic strain, ) H% S. i0 h6 M' P
塑性应变plastic strain, # v. \( R7 _; c3 K" g
屈服强度yield strength, + \9 f' i7 p1 i3 p! b, ^
最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,
* m. M6 m8 \$ ~* M最大强度ultimate strength,
9 h) a6 ~# W# C6 x) f; _6 L2 ~6 Q延展性ductility, / p) a' U) S. {5 W1 o: J
伸长率elongation, * N/ I+ z( w& c  @
断面收缩率reduction of area, 5 J) G/ v, F* w% j! o; |2 [
颈缩necking, & }* o$ A0 ^+ k* B1 z1 l
断裂强度breaking strength, + v6 x) `$ Z; W
韧性toughness,
( ?) `1 o6 k9 z/ o) @硬度hardness,
# M: b3 j7 @% l; T) a3 e4 A* I2 c* r( E疲劳强度fatigue strength, / e1 z+ |! H/ F# ]5 Z
蜂窝honeycomb, ! M- u0 N3 |5 a
热脆性heat shortness,
& i$ a$ k9 j% G5 J& y6 N. x- x晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,
' Q, g: o/ ?% \点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point, & ~6 r- I* Q7 ^$ n
点阵参数lattice parameter,
" g- C0 x' W2 i# X密排六方hexagonal close-packed,
& f3 v- V0 m7 O六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,
" [5 S* r0 N. t3 l* R体心立方body-centered cubic,
6 B. v6 J& a, l7 A, v! ~% B面心立方face-centered cubic,
$ i/ y. [4 g4 V/ H# k弥勒指数Miller indices,
5 f4 Y" j4 m& q) Q( @晶面crystal plane, . H, x: e5 m3 j" A) k: e0 \
晶系crystal system,
. F8 r9 ~* S3 C6 i$ L晶向crystal direction,
' x& \% R' {' V- O相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 2 h$ D2 p1 b. J& V' ]
成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition, ) b* a! ]" x5 @' s5 x
斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,
& z) E" c) s. N$ q有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 2 X9 @, c+ O3 l/ O  q+ K& `: t
马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，5 [% j7 i& L( Y
成核nucleation,
4 p' H6 U% E9 ?5 Y3 w: j成核机理nucleation mechanism, 1 r' j, Y1 h* \1 M& f$ A% r
成核势垒nucleation barrier,
' c# f- @8 E0 y, A0 J7 k4 n晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,
0 s3 v: q+ S6 P( z（金属组织的）基体quay,
; Q4 i$ k; y- `' U. J基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, ) A! O" w" r% ^7 m. f
子晶，雏晶matted crystal,
. U5 V. g! h3 N) f耔晶，晶种seed crystal,
& B$ @) h/ {! }0 ?" [2 y$ g& [耔晶取向seed orientation,
: ?. P5 b4 n- O. N籽晶生长seeded growth, ' g$ [; {3 {. A
均质核化homogeneous nucleation, ) `: U$ V- F2 H
异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,
) q7 a+ {" e" P: w" Z5 P% L均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment,
! G3 |+ l; q; Q% u6 K- H熟料grog,
  R6 x/ M7 k7 J; S自恰场self-consistent field$ C/ a6 b) v# {/ T% b  C
固溶体Solid solution: - T( @/ p  }) s, D: X1 p  q
有序固溶体ordered solid solution,
: @1 C2 w: z' K: g无序固溶体disordered solid solution, ( q% A( H, v9 e
有序合金ordered alloy, + W. @8 U) g# L
无序合金disordered alloy. ! b% z. j" R4 Z0 K: v% h1 b
无序点阵disordered lattice,
/ a% d. J' k0 e/ D8 k' o分散，扩散，弥散dispersal, ; k6 @. l. s: Q1 T
分散剂dispersant,
- W2 B! a1 P3 }  S% E分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive, $ S% Y8 s6 ?' P7 l: x
分散剂， 弥散剂dispersant agent
$ a3 v3 h. ], ]/ D: x: ^缺陷defect, imperfection,
  O, L, O9 O/ D点缺陷point defect,
- w1 n6 k0 _& v4 J# [线缺陷 line defect, dislocation, " s3 `- j5 T) @: j& P+ }  D
面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,
& v7 r2 K; E& G/ f$ f4 V体缺陷volume defect,
, _5 d4 Q- r( N* T9 p5 b0 x位错排列dislocation arrangement, # ^" N$ X6 G# d: V! q' I
位错阵列dislocation array,
* J1 j1 S! Q0 S: W: i0 ^  E7 U位错气团dislocation atmosphere, 3 o% Q$ v! E; G& o' J4 L
位错轴dislocation axis,
% o( f, U1 R# F5 z2 H  r位错胞dislocation cell, 6 O) X, W+ c. S+ P+ W, M( r
位错爬移dislocation climb, 9 m4 U0 g$ i1 V5 O
位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,
- h1 s. Z  g- c$ Z位错聚结dislocation coalescence,
- Q/ e. B) a, {1 ]2 ~( d$ Z位错核心能量dislocation core energy,
( R7 m. Y, T' a# _+ m7 m4 v! R位错裂纹dislocation crack,
7 ^: D( a& X5 K6 ^0 `位错阻尼dislocation damping, % P1 A5 X% p  ^! ^4 n$ |, n: B
位错密度dislocation density,
# L% b" c9 ~+ b: q" b8 X5 D( W体积膨胀volume dilation,
, s& x7 z! ]. O& x4 Q6 P体积收缩volume shrinkage,; c+ Q- E# B$ j  \8 o7 H. {
回火tempering,
& `- x& }* e/ r+ K" w& F; ^退火annealing,
% ~! \* n1 @. w7 M2 L2 e: d退火的，软化的softened,
. N$ g" P7 A9 [0 b" @. U软化退火，软化（处理）softening, ! L3 K- L( C, ]7 T
淬火quenching,
* G4 d6 T8 L9 P3 g; b5 _淬火硬化quenching hardening, 6 t; ~* w! D' Z8 m. E2 d- a+ q4 ^; ?/ E
正火normalizing, normalization,
) I) k( g3 R- y- N退火织构annealing texture, ! W, A; W3 I+ L8 I0 S) {* i
人工时效artificial aging,$ q# j3 \7 Y7 c$ b+ Q, a
细长比aspect ratio, ! }) K6 q4 G, N. x
形变热处理ausforming,
) W0 q& k1 T" f% _% h" Y+ F等温退火austempering,
* {* P  G, j6 I7 q+ K7 `. }奥氏体austenite,
3 Z) P8 C( B4 o! [; h奥氏体化austenitizing,+ p1 W: R3 {# y0 [/ m+ y; S
贝氏体bainite,
2 D7 p: S9 F. `4 M7 [马氏体martensite, $ m& v/ v1 w! x. L, S
马氏体淬火marquench, 5 M: g4 K! c. |' Q8 Z+ u# T
马氏体退火martemper,
6 f  v( p, S, d9 ~9 h; C- S马氏体时效钢maraging steel,
  |# P" b- D( ~# o渗碳体cementite,
5 H4 a" k! W' Q- w, w固溶强化solid solution strengthening,
# z; [6 s/ \( g% i& b5 y钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete,
! ]; x/ R& u* B  n' @# i水玻璃，硅酸钠sodium silicate,
( L- ?& c! g" D& f  s水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder,
9 A% L, Y$ }: [5 v' m% m. k硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicate waterproofing agent,
7 c7 x# b: b# e3 S扩散diffusion, 1 g) i" \5 Q+ |
扩散系数diffusivity,
0 m# \0 V0 T! m1 V5 X  }  _+ a相变phase transition, ( j) H' a) I0 {' Q: F8 O! N2 ]
烧结sintering, 7 W/ y' R+ r0 w' l8 E% C
固相反应solid-phase reaction,  w& i/ _! g5 C, @  J6 C$ ~% J  H
相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures , * d7 Q- F' ?( b+ l
相phase, . u! N, n" K: e
组分component, 0 c3 T# A+ ^4 X( G
自由度freedom,
. s% A$ B6 l9 X  |相平衡phase equilibrium,
( d8 e3 I9 l1 A& J; ~吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule, 8 P: V0 n" X5 V  c5 F% Z  |" }
吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,
: Z& H9 z. J; c! U5 S1 q+ }吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing,
) u' m- w$ k! ?# E吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy, ) I7 r$ B6 q& [# L' A: e
吉布斯函数Gibbs function, + y" r, }  P/ S' ~1 z5 ^1 n
相平衡phase balance, + [+ M; {' ]* }% G' p4 _
相界phase boundary, % M0 Y# g4 q5 w; [+ ^9 Q" N2 Z. G
相界线 phase boundary line, 4 F' j( `  ?' P
相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking, 1 k* u4 k, r  W" v' O
相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking, 0 _# R) n9 E( P+ l" x8 i
相界反应phase boundary reaction, 6 k6 O& J7 b& _- H9 ]$ e
相变phase change, 0 |! ]1 L. Q- g- {9 p- H# A
相组成phase composition,
0 s- q9 O% V. \3 J1 }共格相 phase-coherent, / |4 r$ @7 s: X0 x
金相相组织 phase constentuent,
3 i! P, q' S; ^相衬phase contrast,
1 I0 ]' E1 s1 @+ j: Q相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope,
# [  P0 {3 y' ^% C相衬显微术phase contrast microscopy, , N  R6 G& T1 w5 y
相分布phase distribution,
& `& q2 i1 H7 e$ u8 e相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant,
' f. s& j4 H9 M$ w! ^1 R相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram,
/ D) ^9 u' L$ P& h相变滞后phase transition lag, Al-Si-O-N
7 z4 y3 U* Z) k系统相关系phase relationships in the Al-Si-O-N system, " ?& O0 C5 x) [3 X6 v/ W' h
相分离phase segregation, phase separation,
( d5 y4 H2 l9 n# J5 T/ f- D玻璃分相phase separation in glasses, 6 a2 e- x5 N0 t9 v& m
相序phase order, phase sequence,
% a3 K" ~) H# _0 R1 b# l) ~* L# c相稳定性phase stability,
/ a- k2 W9 _9 f相态phase state,
$ R1 p' Q" H8 ]  r/ |4 ?" J1 \' L相稳定区phase stabile range,
* G. O+ {3 s. _' R" V6 l相变温度phase transition temperature,
1 L0 P" \! V! E8 C相变压力phase transition pressure, + B# Q* r- {0 l; U, b
同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation,
: G+ K+ ?. }: f5 Y1 G3 k4 z相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions,
* h/ E9 R$ D; t) \* u显微结构microstructures, . S( a* k3 q6 P5 _, a4 t
不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution,
& N  o! P' c6 f1 ^) Y& y/ g转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution, 7 K. V" p1 w# F6 R6 K
低共熔体eutectoid，crystallization,
* T2 H$ k$ Y2 C5 S: b不混溶性immiscibility, / z7 N5 ~, m* m, C  S
固态反应solid state reaction,
' E4 }$ [+ g! `/ H烧结sintering, 7 W3 c/ ~( f! M* _3 Z* i8 t# g
相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:
) {4 O+ ]: }" h. Y# ~7 V+ x7 t成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,
- y* O/ I% q$ _9 h; Y- ~/ S) R7 K斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,
2 }5 X7 h; j. t有序无序转变disordered-order transition, % W+ w8 v$ D/ x2 [# e2 _7 P
马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，
  \4 a# v9 _; e  u0 z, m成核nucleation, ! M7 D) h% r! }" l: m0 ]
成核机理nucleation mechanism,
1 W. G% z4 S2 p: l: C成核势垒nucleation barrier,
( E4 h: t( [+ k" S. n晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,
  Q0 \2 u- D, m8 L9 `/ E% m7 H/ G（金属组织的）基体quay, . T* c: W3 B5 L- i: X5 Z# O! d" I
基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, . o3 q0 C% D3 A' h5 B$ Y) a; t+ [
子晶，雏晶matted crystal,
0 _6 B- w  I2 H. i耔晶，晶种seed crystal, 8 V9 X. d: V4 K; N2 Y6 y0 A2 \8 j
耔晶取向seed orientation,
/ o2 n8 e* z/ G/ z5 y* t籽晶生长seeded growth,
" Y$ U, Y& C3 u9 x  c9 T均质核化homogeneous nucleation,
( \0 u) |$ C0 \" i8 v$ F; W异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,
2 ?0 y9 @) G* U2 f! T均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment, ( z/ \3 @: Y7 w8 l+ D6 q9 C
熟料grog,

lzl

很好，谢了。 :handshake
6 \/ m3 e: U+ m7 ^5 h祝你开心、快乐。
8 X5 x% a% C( {/ W[review=qzx666]您除了此类话语还会别的吗?警告一次!
1 O7 x: `4 l( E0 ]  `. W& X[/review]
( \; A4 v5 N1 [- D7 h7 v
3 @9 K  S( M, A[ 本帖最后由 qzx666 于 2007-3-28 07:37 编辑 ]

timjordan

搂住 我就是学材料的 可以共同交流

anchor516

恩 今后要和搂住加强交流阿 谢谢了